Renal Cystadenocarcinoma and Nodular Dermatofibrosis

Body function:

Reproductive & Urinary

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Renal cystadenocarcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis (RCND) is a hereditary cancer syndrome affecting German Shepherd Dogs. The condition is characterized by the development of firm skin nodules (dermatofibrosis) and bilateral, multifocal tumors in the kidneys (cystadenocarcinoma). RCND manifests in a progressive and late-onset manner, typically emerging by around 6 years of age. The genetic mutation responsible for RCND has been identified as occurring in exon 7 of the folliculin (FLCN) gene. While animals with two copies of this mutation are not known to survive, those with one copy can develop the disease and may pass the mutation to their offspring.

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List of affected breeds:

Genetic research has linked this gene and condition in the following breeds:

German Shepherd

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What does this mean for a dog with this trait?

Management of RCND focuses on alleviating symptoms and maintaining quality of life, as there is no known cure for the disease. Treatment options may include medications to relieve pain and other symptoms, fluid therapy to support kidney function, and surgical interventions to remove tumors or skin nodules when feasible. Due to the progressive nature of RCND and its impact on multiple organs, regular veterinary monitoring is essential.

Symptoms

Dogs with RCND develop a variety of symptoms associated with both the skin and internal organs. The primary external sign is the formation of multiple firm, collagen-rich nodules on the skin. Internally, affected dogs develop bilateral renal cystadenocarcinoma, which can lead to symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, and, in severe cases, respiratory distress if the cancer metastasizes to the lungs. Females may also experience uterine tumors, which can cause additional health issues. The disease typically becomes noticeable around the age of 5 and progresses until it leads to death, often around 9 years of age.

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