Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (Pug)

Body function:

Heart & Blood

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Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD) is a genetic condition in which pugs lack the pyruvate kinase enzyme, which helps break down sugar for energy in the body. Without enough of it, red blood cells break down prematurely – a condition known as hemolysis. This means that the contents of the red blood cells (including oxygen) can’t reach the bloodstream, causing anemia, low energy, jaundice, and more.

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List of affected breeds:

Genetic research has linked this gene and condition in the following breeds:

Pug

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What does this mean for a dog with this trait?

Bone marrow transplant is the only treatment available for dogs with Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency. Genetic testing can help breeders identify PKD carriers to avoid mating two positive parents.

Symptoms

Hemolysis is a primary symptom of PKD in pugs. Pugs affected by this genetic condition typically present symptoms between 4 months and 2 years old. Pugs with PKD may have pale gums and appear to be lethargic and uninterested in exercise. Clinical signs of PKD include bone thickening, enlarged spleen and liver, and decrease in red blood cell count.

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