Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome

Body function:

Muscle & Neurological

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Persistent müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a reproductive disorder primarily affecting male dogs, characterized by the failure of the Müllerian ducts to regress during fetal development. This means that a male dog may have female reproductive organs. The condition is caused by a mutation in the AMHR2 gene and is inherited in a sex-limited autosomal recessive manner. While the genetic mutation has been documented in Miniature Schnauzers, it may also occur in other breeds, although the specific mutations in those breeds are not always identified. Female dogs are not affected by PMDS.

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List of affected breeds:

Genetic research has linked this gene and condition in the following breeds:

Miniature Schnauzer

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What does this mean for a dog with this trait?

Managing PMDS involves addressing both the reproductive and potential health issues associated with the condition. Pet parents should work with a vet to monitor the health of affected dogs, including assessing for signs of cryptorchidism and any related complications due to the presence of female reproductive organs. Surgical procedures such as hysterectomy may be necessary if complications like infections occur.

Symptoms

Male dogs with PMDS typically begin showing symptoms between 6 to 12 months of age. The most common symptom is cryptorchidism, in which one or both testicles don't descend into the scrotum. This can lead to infertility and an increased risk of testicular tumors. Additionally, some affected males may have remnants of female reproductive organs, such as a uterus, which can cause complications like infections. These males might also have smaller than normal testicles.

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