Malignant Hyperthermia

Body function:

Immune & Autoimmune

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Malignant hyperthermia is a genetic disorder affecting muscle metabolism in dogs. This condition causes an uncontrollable rise in body temperature and is triggered by severe muscle contractions and stress, certain anesthetics, or drugs. Malignant hyperthermia is linked to a mutation in the RYR1 gene, which disrupts calcium regulation in muscle cells. Breeds like Greyhounds are particularly prone to this condition.

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List of affected breeds:

Genetic research has linked this gene and condition in the following breeds:

Collie, Doberman Pinscher, German Shepherd, Labrador Retriever

A brown dog with floppy ears is looking up at the camera with its mouth open and tongue out. The dog is standing in a field of tall grass.

What does this mean for a dog with this trait?

Immediate treatment is crucial for malignant hyperthermia. If an episode occurs during anesthesia, the anesthetic must be stopped immediately, and the dog should be cooled. A muscle relaxant may also be administered to reduce muscle contractions. For prevention, dogs known to carry the gene should be given specific precautions during surgeries. Additionally, regular vet visits and careful management can help prevent stress.

Symptoms

The primary symptoms of malignant hyperthermia include a sudden spike in body temperature, muscle rigidity, rapid and irregular heartbeats, increased breathing rate, and bluish skin or gums. In extreme cases, it can lead to kidney failure, fluid buildup in the lungs, and even death. These symptoms often occur quickly after exposure to triggers like anesthetic agents or stressful situations.

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