Gallbladder Mucoceles

Body function:

Metabolic & Digestive

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Gallbladder mucoceles (GBM) are characterized by an abnormal buildup of thick mucus-laden bile in the gallbladder due to a genetic mutation in the ABCB4 gene, which encodes the MDR3 phospholipase flippase transporter responsible for helping maintain the normal composition and flow of bile. This can lead to the expansion of the gallbladder, bile duct obstruction, and, in severe cases, gallbladder rupture and bile leakage into the abdomen. Middle-aged to older dogs are commonly affected, with breeds like Shetland Sheepdogs, Miniature Schnauzers, and Cocker Spaniels showing a higher genetic predisposition.

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List of affected breeds:

Genetic research has linked this gene and condition in the following breeds:

Shetland Sheepdog

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What does this mean for a dog with this trait?

Removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is often recommended to prevent complications in dogs with gallbladder mucoceles. Medical treatments, including medications like ursodeoxycholic acid and SAMe, may help manage the condition in less severe cases, but surgery is generally the best option for long-term health.

Symptoms

Dogs affected by gallbladder mucoceles may show a range of symptoms, which often begin subtly and worsen over time. Early signs include decreased appetite, lethargy, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. As the condition progresses, dogs may develop jaundice, which causes yellowing of the skin, eyes, and gums. In severe cases, the gallbladder may rupture, leading to a life-threatening condition called bile peritonitis. Additional symptoms can include diarrhea, weight loss, and general weakness.

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