Brachycephaly

Body function:

Skeletal & Joint

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Brachycephaly is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in the BMP3 gene. This mutation designates skull shape, specifically the “flat-faced” skull shape associated with pugs, bulldogs, etc. The mutation will always be passed onto offspring. One copy of the mutation will result in a medium to long-length muzzle, whereas two will result in a short muzzle.

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List of affected breeds:

Genetic research has linked this gene and condition in the following breeds:

Labrador Retriever

A brown dog is sitting on its hind legs with its front paw raised. The dog is looking up at the camera with a hopeful expression.

What does this mean for a dog with this trait?

Dogs with brachycephaly may need more oversight when exercising to ensure breathing is normal. They also may be more heat-sensitive and need cooler air in summer months. In the event of difficulty breathing, treatments may include anti-inflammatories and even surgery to open the airway.

Symptoms

Signs of brachycephaly include a shortened muzzle or “flat” appearance to the face. Depending on the severity of the shortened muzzle, dogs with brachycephaly often experience difficulty breathing and may gag or cough, especially when exercising. Breathing is typically quite loud.

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